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  5:55 PM | 0 Cloud(s) chapter 2.1 6:04 PM | 4 Cloud(s)Science Computer Notes
WHAT IS A COMPUTER
An
electronic device (machine),
that performs four basic operations: input, processing, output and storage.
Types of Computer :
* Supercomputers
* Mainframes
* Personal Computers
* Mobile Computer and Devices
* Embedded Computers
---------------------
What
is Supercomputer ?
•A
supercomputer is the fastest, most powerful, most expensive computer
and
used
for very complex,
sophisticated job such as nuclear research, calculating
weather patterns, petroleum exploration, online banking, automotive design.
Physical
Size : Full
room of equipment
Speed
:
•The
fastest supercomputer are capable of processing billions of program
instructions per second.
•Can
operate at speeds measured in picoseconds-1,000 times as fast as
microcomputers.
Storage
:
•Can store more than 20,000 times the data
and information of an average desktop computer.
What
is Mainframe ?
•A
mainframe is a large, expensive, powerful computer that can handle hundreds or
thousands of connected users simultaneously (multi-user) and storing tremendous amounts of data, instructions and information.
•Mainframes
are often used in businesses that manage large amounts of data, for example,
insurance companies use mainframes to process information about millions of
policyholders.
Physical
Size : Partial
room to a full room of equipment
Speed
:
•Powerful
computer that handle hundreds or thousands of connected users simultaneously at
the same time.
Storage
:
•Can store tremendous amounts of data,
instructions, and information;
What
is Personal Computers ?
•Personal
computer is a computer
that can perform all its input, processing, output and storage activities by
itself.
Physical
Size : Fits
on a desk.
Speed
: Various depends on the memory and
processors.
Storage
: Various depends on the hard drive size
Mobile computer is a personal computer that can perform all of its input, processing, output and storage activities by itself that you can carry from place to place.
Physical
Size : Fits
on the lap, palm, pocket
Speed
: May slower than a personal computer
Storage
: Small storage media
What is Embedded Computer ? •Special-purpose computer that functions as a component in a larger product and perform various functions depending on the product. Physical Size : Small 
Speed
: May slower than a mobile computer and devices.
Storage
: Limited or small storage media.
6:10 PM | 0 Cloud(s)Science Computer Notes
Definition to IT
Information
Technology (IT) is defined
as the use of computer hardware and software to store, retrieve, and
manipulate information.
APPLICATION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY :
 
__________________________________________
Today,
educators are turning to computers to assist with education. Many schools & companies equip labs & classrooms with computers.
Usage:
oTeachers : use IT to do research
for teaching materials, participate in online forum and online reference, use
software (prepare lecture notes)
oStudents : use IT as reference
tools for finding information in the Internet
oSchool Administrators : use IT for
keeping students and teachers record
Example
of applications:
•Courseware
•Educational portal (e-portal)
•Web based learning
•Learning Management System
courseware
e-portal
Many
people & companies use computers to help manage their finances.
Usage:
•Companies
use IT ( finance software) to balance checkbooks, pay bills, track personal
income and expenses, manage investment, and evaluate financial plans.
Example
of applications:
•Online banking.
•Finance Investment System / Online
Investing.
•Electronic Payment System (EPS).
 online banking 
Most
government offices have their own Web sites to provide society with up-to-date
information & services.
•To provide citizens with up-to-date information through the government Web sites •Helps to enhance the convenience, accessibility, and quality of interactions between the government and the citizens. •Employees of government agencies use IT as part of their daily routine
Example
of applications:
•myGovernment.
•e-Filing.
•e-Penyata
Gaji & Laporan.
•HRMIS – Aplikasi Sistem Maklumat Pengurusan Sumber Manusia.
•Portal Jabatan
Perkhidmatan
Awam.
•e-SPKB – Sistem Perancangan Kawalan Belanjawan Elektronik.
•e-Perolehan
– The Electronic Procurement System.
myGovernment
Nearly
every area of health care today uses computers for various purposes
Usage
:
•Hospitals
& doctors use IT to maintain & access patient records, store personal
health history including prescriptions, lab test result, doctor visit allergies
and immunizations
•Doctors
use e-mail to correspond with patients.
Example
of applications:
•Telemedicine.
•Telesurgery.
•Medline.
•Counter Registration System
Telemedicine
Breakthroughs
in surgery, medicine, & treatments often result from scientists’ use of
computers.
Usage:
•Use
computers to assist them with collecting, analyzing, and modeling data.
•Scientists
also use the Internet to communicate with colleagues around the world
Example
of applications:
•A cochlear implant.
•An electrodes implant.
•A neural network.
A Cochlear implant
The
process of making works available to the public. These works include books,
magazines, newspapers, music, film, and video.
Many
publishers make their works available online & some Web sites allow you to
copy the work, such as a book or music.
Example
of applications:
•Special software assists graphic
designers in developing pages that include text, graphics, and photos.
•Artists in composing and
enhancing songs.
•Filmmakers in creating and
editing film.
Online Newspaper
Vehicles
manufactured today often include some type of onboard navigation system to help
you navigate from one location to another.
Many
mobile devices such as smart phones have built-in navigation systems.
Example
of applications:
•Car Navigation System by Global
Positioning System (GPS).
•Automatic roaming by Global
System for Mobile Communications (GSM)
•Online Intelligence
Transportation IS (ITIS)
•Online reservation.
GPS
Latest
technology have helped in making manufacturing process more effective.
Usage
•Reduce
product development costs,
•Shorten
a product’s time to market, and
•Stay
ahead of the competition.
Example
of applications:
•Computer-aided manufacturing
(CAM).
•Computer-aided design (CAD).
•A Bar Code System.
CAM
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